WINDOW TO WORLD HISORY

 CHAPTER 1: THE FALL OF ROMAN EMPIRE (page 2-5)

QUESTION & ANSWERS 

Q#1: Name ancient civilizations and their place of origin?

Answer: 

• Mesopotamian civilization near river Tigris & Euphrates
• Chinese civilization near Yellow river
• Indus valley civilization near Indus river
• Ancient Egypt civilization near Nile river
• Roman Civilization near river Tiber.

Q#2: Why many of the ancient civilizations flourished near rivers?

Answer: The ancient civilizations grew near rivers because river provided following benefits:

• transportation
• source of food (fishes)
• agriculture (fertile soil)
• abundance of water.

Q#3: Write a short note on Roman Civilization?

Answer: The Roman empire emerged in 753BCE near River Tiber. originally it was in form of small villages which developed into cities by 250BCE. It had one of the strongest armies and flourished because Mediterranean sea provided trade routes with other regions.  It was divided into two halves Eastern and Western Empire. They contributed in fields of science. art, philosophy and etc.

Q#4: Explain the reasons that led to the fall of Roman empire?

Answer: Following were the reasons that led to the fall of Roman empire around 500CE:

• Corruption of government.
• Church overpowered emperors.
• Heavy taxes made people's live miserable.
• Weakening of army.
• Rebellion of provinces.
• Attack from Barbarians and Huns.
• Movement of capital to Constantinople.

Q#5: Define feudalism and outline the social hierarchy of feudalism?

Answer:

Feudalism: It is a political, social, and economic based system of medieval Europe that originated between 10th and 13th century. 

Hierarchy: According to this system the society was divided into 4 parts namely:

• King
• Nobles
• Knights
• Peasants

Q#6: Give an account of the feudal system of Medieval Europe?

Answer: The feudal system of Medieval Europe was divided into four parts:

• The Kings:

1. They were at top of hierarchy.
2. They owned all the land
3. They were the providers and supporters of the kingdom.

• The Nobles:

1. They were second in hierarchy.
2. They regulated different systems in government
3. They had their own government laws and tax systems.

• The Knights:

1. They were also called Lords.
2. They followed code of conduct called chivalry
3. They granted land to the peasants on lease.

• The Peasants:

1. They were divided in two groups: 

        -Free: cultivated the land provided by nobles and paid them.

        -Bonded: worked on nobles land and were given small piece of land for sustenance.